Understanding your return on investment (ROI) is key to making smart real estate decisions. Whether you’re selling your current home, buying a rental, or just curious about your property’s performance, calculating ROI can help you avoid costly mistakes and spot better opportunities.

ROI—Return on Investment—is a simple way to measure how profitable your real estate deal really is. It shows how much money you’re making (or losing) compared to what you’ve invested.

Simple Ways to Calculate ROI

1. The Basic ROI Formula

If you bought a property in cash, this is the easiest way to calculate ROI:

ROI = (Net Profit / Total Investment) × 100

So if you spent $250,000 on a property and made $25,000 in net income, your ROI would be 10%.

2. The Leveraged ROI Formula (With Financing)

If you used a mortgage, your upfront investment is smaller—so your ROI can actually be higher. Here's the adjusted formula:

ROI = (Annual Return / Total Cash Invested) × 100

Let’s say you put down $50,000 and made $6,000 in rental income after expenses. Your ROI would be 12%.

What Affects ROI in Real Estate?

Many factors shape your return, including:

• Purchase price – Buying low boosts your margins

• Rental income – Higher rent = better cash flow

• Vacancy rate – More vacancies drag down ROI

• Maintenance and repairs – Unexpected costs eat into returns

• Property taxes and insurance – These fixed costs impact net profit

• Financing terms – Interest rates and loan terms matter

What’s a Good ROI?

There’s no magic number, but many investors aim for at least 8% to 12% annually. ROI targets vary by market, risk level, and property type. A “great” return for a long-term single-family rental might look different than for a short-term vacation rental or commercial property.

Don’t Forget: REITs Offer a Hands-Off Option

Not ready to buy a property? Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) let you invest in real estate without the hands-on work. They offer steady dividends and let you earn a return—minus the maintenance calls and tenant drama.

Watch Out: Costs That Can Shrink Your ROI

Even the best-looking property can turn sour if you're not accounting for:

• Closing costs

• HOA fees

• Ongoing maintenance

• Property management fees

• Capital expenditures (big repairs down the line)

The Bottom Line

Buying real estate is exciting—but guessing at your profits isn’t smart. Knowing your ROI helps you make clearer, more confident decisions. Whether you're purchasing your first home, investing in a rental, or selling for maximum gain, understanding your numbers puts you in control. Do the math—and let the numbers guide your next move.